Venous thromboembolism (VTE), comprising deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a common complication in the trauma population and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, pelvic and long bone fractures, need for major surgery, or multiple transfusions have all been identified as independent high-risk factors for VTE after trauma. Pharmacologic prophylaxis remains the most effective modality at preventing VTE; therefore, it should be initiated as early as possible and continue throughout hospitalization. Maintaining a high index of suspicion for VTE is key to early detection. Duplex ultrasonography remains the diagnostic modality of choice for DVT, while computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the gold standard imaging modality for evaluation of PE. Trauma patients are at inherently high risk for VTE. Understanding risk assessment, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment is fundamental to reduce morbidity and mortality.