An Introduction to Surgical Tubes, Lines, and Drains
摘要
Tubes, lines, and drains are frequently used in the management of surgical patients. A fundamental understanding of these tools is crucial to the effective care of surgical patients. Indications include therapeutic purposes, such as in the management of small bowel obstructions or prevention of postoperative lymphoceles and seroma formations. They are also helpful adjuncts to help guide postoperative management and are often first-line treatments for life-threatening pathologies, such as tension pneumothorax requiring a chest tube and respiratory failure requiring intubation. They are critical for basic patient needs, such as urinary catheters for strict output measurement or management of urinary retention, intravenous access for medications and fluids, and enteric tubes for nutrition. This chapter will go over the most commonly used tubes, lines, and drains, as well as their variations, indications, contraindications, and clinical tips for senior medical students.