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The Saudi-Iran rivalry is rooted in geopolitical ambitions, ideological divergences, and sectarian differences, with relations oscillating between competition and cooperation. Over the decades, both nations have vied for regional dominance, backing opposing sides in conflicts such as those in Yemen, Syria, and Lebanon, while projecting contrasting Islamic identities—Sunni and Shia. Episodes of rapprochement, including the 1990s thaw and the 2023 China-brokered agreement, illustrate how pragmatic interests can temporarily supersede entrenched hostilities. To understand this complex trajectory, it is essential to trace the regional and global forces that have periodically reshaped their bilateral engagement.

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Historical Context and Evolution of the Saudi-Iran Rivalry and Cooperation Efforts

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Saira Khan

摘要

The Saudi-Iran rivalry is rooted in geopolitical ambitions, ideological divergences, and sectarian differences, with relations oscillating between competition and cooperation. Over the decades, both nations have vied for regional dominance, backing opposing sides in conflicts such as those in Yemen, Syria, and Lebanon, while projecting contrasting Islamic identities—Sunni and Shia. Episodes of rapprochement, including the 1990s thaw and the 2023 China-brokered agreement, illustrate how pragmatic interests can temporarily supersede entrenched hostilities. To understand this complex trajectory, it is essential to trace the regional and global forces that have periodically reshaped their bilateral engagement.