The lubrication performance of the journal bearing is significant to research and improve to support the rotating mechanism. Based on the Navier–Stokes equation, this paper establishes a finite element model of surface-textured journal bearings. To be more realistic, the Mixture model and the Schnerr-Sauer model are also used to simulate the cavitation phenomenon of the bearing during operation. Based on the above methods, this paper focuses on the pressure distribution of oil film, bearing capacity, friction coefficient and end leakage flow under different arrangement modes. To better analyze the simulation results, the smooth and unstructured journal bearing is the basic reference to determine the effect of different arrangement modes on improving lubrication performance. The comparative analysis shows that the lubrication performance of the hexagonal arrangement is the optimum, followed by the interlaced arrangement, and the parallel arrangement is the worst.