The wheel is a critical component of the running gear of metro vehicles. In recent years, frequent occurrences of wheel out-of-roundness and severe wheel flange wear in urban rail systems have posed significant challenges to urban operators. Aiming at this problem, a full-life cycle management method for the wheel treads of urban rail vehicle wheels is proposed. By integrating and fusing vibration data from the running gear fault diagnosis system, trackside wheel set geometric dimension data, and manual wheel set maintenance records, the method comprehensively evaluates the wheel set status from multiple dimensions. It outputs tread operation and maintenance guidance, and realizes health status assessment and maintenance strategy optimization for wheel sets. The trial application shows that this management method has more advantages than the original maintenance regulations. It not only monitors the tread status in real time to ensure the safety of the train, but also provides scientific guidance for maintenance, extends the service life of the wheels, and improves the efficiency and economy of train management.