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The Penang Port is the third-largest port in Malaysia. The reason for conducting this study is that the Penang Port does not have a VTS station. The objective of this study is to propose the best site to establish a VTS station at Penang by referring to the port’s requirements and using international standards and guidelines. A literature review was conducted to identify the relevant technical standards. An interview session with experts was conducted to determine the requirements of Penang Port. Calculations of radar range and VHF radio range were conducted to determine the range from Penang Port’s building. The literature review results indicated IALA Guidelines on technical requirements for establishing a VTS. The results of the interview indicated that the radar's range to detect a Class A fishing vessels was 24 NM. The results of the calculation for radar's range for 24 NM required 3.5 kW power of transmission. The calculation results for the VHF radio range required an 81 m antenna height for a 20 NM transmission range. The Penang Port building is chosen over Swettenham pier for the VTS station site due to less blockage of radio transmission from large ships mooring at ports.

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A Study on the Establishment of Vessel Traffic Services at Penang Port

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Ahmad Faizal Ahmad Fuad,
  • Nur Iman Insyirah Zamri,
  • Amir Syawal Kamis,
  • Mohd Saiful Izwaan Saadon

摘要

The Penang Port is the third-largest port in Malaysia. The reason for conducting this study is that the Penang Port does not have a VTS station. The objective of this study is to propose the best site to establish a VTS station at Penang by referring to the port’s requirements and using international standards and guidelines. A literature review was conducted to identify the relevant technical standards. An interview session with experts was conducted to determine the requirements of Penang Port. Calculations of radar range and VHF radio range were conducted to determine the range from Penang Port’s building. The literature review results indicated IALA Guidelines on technical requirements for establishing a VTS. The results of the interview indicated that the radar's range to detect a Class A fishing vessels was 24 NM. The results of the calculation for radar's range for 24 NM required 3.5 kW power of transmission. The calculation results for the VHF radio range required an 81 m antenna height for a 20 NM transmission range. The Penang Port building is chosen over Swettenham pier for the VTS station site due to less blockage of radio transmission from large ships mooring at ports.