Effects of Aging on the Face
摘要
The processes by which the face ages are dynamic and affect both the soft tissues and the underlying facial skeleton. The loss of facial soft tissue volume that accompanies aging is well understood. The epidermis tends to become thinner, with lower amounts of dermal collagen, which explains why the elastic recoil of the skin lessens. Adipose tissue is also lost from the face. Together with gravitational forces and the effects of muscular contraction, all these effects produce wrinkled skin and the appearance of dynamic lines. Alterations to the facial skeleton due to aging have also been demonstrated. Numerous studies have jointly concluded that the way the orbit and middle region of the face age results from contracting structures and an alteration in morphology. The resulting loss of bony tissue and the projecting features are further elements that make the face appear old. In many cases, the skin alterations we associate with aging stem from harmful exposure to sunlight. These changes include altered pigment levels, a sallow appearance, and deep wrinkles. Accordingly, parts of the skin that see the most sun are those in which an aged appearance most frequently appears. Such areas are the face and neck, the top of the chest, hands, and forearms.