This chapter elucidates the impact of childhood trauma on the development of bipolar disorder (BD) and debates the clinical implications of these findings. Patients with BD have high rates of childhood trauma, which is associated with poor outcomes, resulting in cognitive impairment, alterations in brain structure and function, earlier onset of the disease, dysfunction in psychosocial functioning, and greater severity of the disease. However, not all patients exposed to early maltreatment develop psychiatric disorders, and resilience may play an important role as a protective factor. In this regard, it is fundamental to focus on strategies that could mitigate the impact of childhood trauma and reinforce resilience, which is essential for public policy. Therefore, the main objective of this chapter is to address childhood trauma as a possible marker of latent BD.