The transportation sector is undergoing a transformative phase driven by the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies, collectively termed as Transportation 4.0 (T4.0). This chapter explores the relevance and potential of these advanced technologies—such as the Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems, big data, machine learning and artificial intelligence—in enhancing the sector’s economic, environmental, and social performance. The rapid evolution of global trade and shifts in consumer demand, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, have underscored the necessity for efficient, reliable, and sustainable transportation solutions. This chapter provides an overview of T4.0 technologies, with extensions into Logistics 4.0, and examines how these technologies can address these challenges by improving supply chain visibility, fleet management, data processing and automation. Key applications as well as their impacts on triple bottom line performance are discussed. Despite the significant benefits, the deployment of some of the new technologies present challenges, such as data security, high implementation costs, and the need for skilled labor. The chapter concludes by identifying areas for future research and emphasizing the importance of addressing these challenges to fully realize the potential of T4.0.