Inclined Buoyant Jet in Stagnant Environment
摘要
The analysis of straight jets and plumes in the previous chapters has provided us with a basic understanding of turbulence and mixing in jets and plumes, and some tools to obtain reliable estimates in asymptotic cases. However, for many engineering problems it is far more convenient and often necessary to use a general integral jet model. In this chapter we develop such a model for the case of inclined buoyant jets. The formulation for the inclined buoyant jets is an extension to the problems of the straight jets and plumes, and is a prelude to the general formulation of the jet-and-plume problems to include the effects of density stratification and crossflow in the later chapters. Figure 1 shows the inclined buoyant jet in an otherwise still fluid. Momentum and buoyancy are discharged at a rate equal to \(M_o\) and \(F_o\) , respectively and at an angle \(\phi _o\) to the horizontal. Figure 2 shows a buoyant jet in a model test for a wastewater discharge (Wah Fu Outfall, Hong Kong) at an inclination of 20 degrees to the horizontal. Close to the source, jet momentum dominates. The jet spreads linearly as it entrains the ambient fluid. The buoyant force acts in the vertical direction of the gravity.