Heavy metal contamination has a detrimental impact on human health and surrounding, making it a major global environmental issue. Metal and other industries are improperly disposed of in water bodies and soil which eventually causes heavy metal pollution in the atmosphere. These toxic metal pollutants affect biological functions and growth as well as bioaccumulation in different organs leading to serious life-threatening diseases such as cancer. Arsenic is one of those toxic heavy metal pollutants that can be responsible for a number of health issues including skin diseases and cancers, bladder cancer, lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Arsenic toxicity is mainly caused by the consumption of contaminated water containing more than the allowed amount of ‘Arsenic’. According to the WHO, 220 million people worldwide are in a crisis of tainted drinking water having > 10 μg/L of arsenic approximately. Therefore, the utilization of economically viable, highly efficient, innovative techniques for the detection and elimination of arsenic is an important exploration objective, as well as extensive research activities are being conducted worldwide. In recent times, advanced functional materials have achieved significant attention as potential materials for the design of cost-effective techniques for the detection and removal of arsenic. The unique functional characteristics of such materials can be an added advantage for the development of such techniques. The proposed book chapter will highlight different research activities conducted so far for the development of such materials and provide an overview of the novel methods designed to identify and eliminate arsenic with the aid of new materials.