China’s engagement with Africa has seen exponential growth over the past few decades. The deepening economic ties are rooted in China’s quest for resources, markets, and geopolitical influence, whereas African countries have sought infrastructure development and economic partnerships. As part of this engagement, China has been providing massive amounts of loans and investments to African nations for infrastructure projects and economic development. The significant increase in China’s presence in Africa in recent years has, however, sparked debates about the potential consequences on human rights, particularly in terms of economics, politics, and the overall social fabric. The purpose of this analysis is to provide a comprehensive understanding of China’s debt and development investments in Africa and their impact on the continent’s economies and human rights, particularly health rights, as well as other related social political and environmental concerns. Accordingly, this study delineates the direct and indirect implications of China’s debt and development investments in Africa for human rights to health. Essentially, this chapter aims to shed light on the potential challenges and opportunities that arise from China’s financial involvement in African countries. Through the identification of these implications, policymakers, stakeholders, and responsible actors can work toward addressing human rights issues and ensuring that development projects align with principles of transparency, accountability, and respect for human rights.