Even though pavement condition data have been collected and analysed as early as the 1970s, the methods for pavement evaluation are very diverse across different municipalities. At the segment level, there exists a wide choice of condition performance indicators, including surface distress, ride quality, friction, and structural capacity. As part of a Research and Knowledge Initiative project funded by Infrastructure Canada, this paper aims to provide a review of inspection, condition assessment, and performance evaluation in municipal practice in Canada. The wide variety of practices and tools make this task challenging. Reviewing the current and past practices sheds some light on which practices are most common and potentially what challenges municipalities face when conducting performance evaluations, including time and cost of inspection. The study provides a comprehensive overview and discussion of the standard practice for condition assessments and performance evaluation of municipal pavements. Emerging trends in both practice and research are also discussed.