Understanding the workings of a person’s mind is fascinating and complex, particularly when facing situations that disrupt everyday thinking. Whether positive or negative, such situations challenge daily mental processes. A favourable outcome often follows for patients after a struggle with physiological disorders. This chapter explores the mental and emotional changes that occur when a person receives bad news about their health. It examines the immediate neurophysiological and cognitive responses—the fast, automatic reactions that form the first-order cognitive processing—and transitions to the slower, reflective second-order processes characterised by metacognitive thinking about their condition. The chapter offers insights on a possible fight-flight-freeze response when facing a bad diagnosis perceived as a threat. The role of metacognition in health anxiety is analysed, focussing on the impact of cortisol release during stressful situations and its influence on metacognitive functions. Finally, the chapter underscores a constructive approach to how individuals can mentally process a medical condition, using problem-solving strategies that balance emotional and cognitive regulation to stop the neurobiological response of fear and follow a positive way to manage their physiological disorders.