The issue of global climate change is getting more serious, nations throughout the world are implementing a variety of steps to limit carbon emissions. To address global climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, China has proposed the “dual carbon” goal of reaching a carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060. The building sector is one of China’s three primary sources of energy consumption and carbon emissions, with significant opportunity for reduction. China’s industrial energy usage makes for nearly 70% of total national energy consumption. The types of industrial plants vary, as do their requirements for an indoor thermal climate and ventilation. Industrial plants must consider both energy savings and use needs while designing, which presents a difficulty for HVAC design. Energy-saving HVAC systems in plant renovations are especially important as industries evolve and requirements change. This study, based on the needs of dual control of energy and carbon, uses an industrial plant project in a specific city as an example to present a performance-based design strategy for industrial plant HVAC systems. It creates an assessment system for the performance-based design process, chooses evaluation indicators and systems, and evaluates several design schemes across numerous dimensions to determine the most cost-effective, energy-efficient, and carbon-reducing HVAC system design scheme. The HVAC system may meet industrial requirements by using scientific and logical design methodologies and assessment indicators, as well as successfully managing energy consumption and carbon emissions, offering technical assistance and practical references for green industrial development.