In recent years, the development of highway tunnel lighting technology has increasingly focused on energy efficiency, intelligence, and sustainability to enhance traffic safety, reduce energy consumption, and improve efficiency. This study employs CiteSpace knowledge mapping analysis to systematically review and summarize literature from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database (2004–2024) in the field of energy-saving highway tunnel lighting. The analysis, based on keyword clustering, co-occurrence, and bursts, explores emerging research hotspots and trends. Findings indicate that future research will likely focus on the integration of multiple technologies and the advancement of standardization, including the deep integration of dynamic dimming and regional lighting design, the refinement of intelligent control systems, and the development of new materials for high-efficiency light sources. This study aims to achieve an optimal balance between energy conservation and driver visual comfort while promoting the economic feasibility and adaptability of lighting systems. It provides a theoretical foundation and technical support for the future development of energy-saving technologies in tunnel lighting.