This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research trends in ethical debates concerning renewable energy technology, emphasizing equity and sustainability themes critical to the ongoing global energy transition. Driven by growing concerns over energy transition and justice, this study investigates key trends in publications, influential authors, institutions, journals, countries, and keyword co-occurrence networks from 2015 to 2024, highlighting the evolving scholarly discourse. The findings reveal a notable increase in research on energy justice. The United States is the most significant contributing country. The University of Sussex and the United States Department of Energy are the leading contributing institutions. At the same time, Energy Research and Social Science ranks as the most influential journal. Core themes include sustainability, energy justice, environmental justice, wind energy, and energy policy. Since 2022, keywords such as just transition, political ecology, and transition have dominated discussions. This study provides valuable insights into renewable energy technology research, supporting the development of equitable and sustainable energy systems to address global environmental and social justice challenges.