Brain-lung crosstalk is a complex interaction not only from the brain to the lung but also from the lung to the brain. Ventilator-associated pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and neurogenic pulmonary edema may occur after severe traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or stroke. Mechanical ventilation is a risk factor for increased mortality. Extensive research on the crosstalk between brain and lung is underway seeking to better understand the associated pathways, which may serve as targets for future therapies and thus improve outcomes of critically ill neurological patients. This chapter aims to investigate the crosstalk between the brain and lungs and address the impact of mechanical ventilation in neurocritical patients, as well as to evaluate the lung-brain crosstalk. Understanding the bidirectional interactions between these organs is crucial for optimizing patient management strategies and developing targeted therapeutic interventions. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and identify potential therapeutic targets. Future studies should also focus on the development of advanced imaging techniques and biomarkers to enhance early detection and monitoring of brain-lung crosstalk. By unraveling the intricacies of this relationship, we can pave the way for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, ultimately enhancing the care and outcomes of patients with brain and lung disorders.