Wetland management and biodiversity conservation are important for environmental sustainability and climate change adaptation. This chapter aims to adopt a concept of empowerment to explore roles and responsibilities of women attributed to wetland management and climatic impact adaptation, from the perspectives of both men and women, considering the personal, collective, and rational dimensions. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected in the Siem Bouk district, Stung Treng Province, as part of the Ramsar Site. The study site is adjacent to the Mekong River and borders Laos. A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect qualitative data from 233 households. We also collect qualitative data among key stakeholders, including focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and key informants. The research concludes that women remain relatively underrepresented in biodiversity conservation and adaptation to climate change. The analysis of the dimensions of empowerment generates three findings. First, women and men share moderate personal empowerment. While men are more popular, women have more self-confidence in biodiversity conservation and climate change adaptation. Second, women and men assessed the neutral degree of their rational empowerment as one in which they could make decisions without considering all the implications. Third, women and men assessed a neutral degree of collective empowerment regarding teamwork and social activities, but men are more active. This empirical study helps generate knowledge about women’s empowerment, anchored with three principles. Key stakeholders can use the results to empower women in the Ramsar Site of Cambodia and beyond.