Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLC) have profound ethnoknowledge of the environment and are able to diagnose their respective ecological niches and detect any changes ranging from biotic to abiotic with precision. The IPLC, therefore, are able to detect new species in the environment, together with those species, that are threatened and becoming extinct, including their impacts on the ecosystem as a result of their emergence and/or extinction. This is particularly common with indigenous people who have stayed in a particular ecosystem for over 70 years to have the opportunity to witness the changing nature in time and space, a scenario that should not be interpreted to mean evolution. Today, no country in the world exists without experiences of the emergence of new species and the extinction of the existing ones. These two antagonistic processes have devastating effects on the sustainable management of the ecosystems. The emergency of the Invasive Alien Species (IAS) is problematic worldwide, leading to biodiversity loss, and Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities have responded to this problem in some myriad ways in different ecosystems, henceforth, the need to increase their collaboration and partnerships. This Chapter outlines some of the responses and approaches to IAS by IPLC with remarks on urban communities since they provide the fulcrum point for trade in live organisms from many distant and different agroecological zones, supporting the livelihoods of very unique organisms.