Explainable Detection of Logical and Structural Anomalies Based on Multimodal Large Language Models
摘要
Large Language Models are rapidly evolving in the field of Natural Language Processing as well as Vision and Language. In particular, GPT-4o integrates images and text, and is capable of effective Visual Question Answering. However, GPT-4o is limited in its ability to accurately detect the quantity (count or volume), position, and size of objects in a given image, which hinders its practical application to industrial Anomaly Detection (AD). In order to improve the accuracy and interpretability of AD, this study proposes a new pipeline that utilizes GPT-4o to improve both logical and structural AD accuracies and to output natural language explanations of the detected anomalies. Our system first performs a first-pass logical AD by leveraging the results of the MM-Grounding-DINO object detection model and the SAM2 object segmentation model. It then constructs a multimodal prompt in order to make GPT-4o perform AD with accompanied by natural language explanations of the nature of the anomalies. Experimental results with the MVTec LOCO AD dataset show that our system outperforms existing models in a logical AD task, although it performs less well in a structural AD task. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, our system is the first to achieve explainable AD that can handle both structural and logical anomalies.