Performance Analysis of Various DC Microgrid Architectures
摘要
DC microgrids offer a promising alternative to traditional AC systems due to their compatibility with renewable energy sources, reduced conversion losses, and simplified integration of energy storage. This study evaluates the performance of diverse DC microgrid architectures, including Single Bus, Multi-Bus, Ring Bus, Mesh, Hybrid AC-DC, Clustered, Bipolar DC, and Modular Multi-Port DC Microgrids (MHM-DCMG). Key metrics assessed include voltage regulation, power efficiency, scalability, fault tolerance, and cost. A representative village scenario, with 40 households, agricultural loads, a primary health center, and a school, was analyzed using Newton-Raphson-based calculations. Performance metrics such as voltage stability, line losses, and efficiency were evaluated under varying load and resistance conditions. Results revealed significant differences among architectures. Single Bus systems, though cost-effective, showed moderate efficiency (98.25%) and vulnerability to single-point failures. Multi-Bus systems improved scalability and fault isolation, achieving 98.85% efficiency. Advanced designs like Ring Bus and Mesh offered superior fault tolerance and minimal losses, with efficiencies of 99.12% and 99.65%, respectively, but involved higher costs. Hybrid AC-DC systems were flexible but incurred conversion losses, lowering efficiency to 96%. Modular Multi-Port DC Microgrids emerged as the most efficient and scalable solution, providing resilience and adaptability for modern energy needs. However, their higher implementation costs necessitate trade-off analysis for specific use cases. The study emphasizes that architectural choices significantly impact performance and underscores the importance of tailored designs for rural and off-grid electrification. This research contributes to the literature by offering a comparative analysis supported by mathematical modeling and real-world assumptions. Future studies should explore integrating IoT and machine learning for enhanced efficiency and reliability.