This chapter focuses on the assessment of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, outlining the key factors that influence accurate estimation, including SOC concentration, bulk density, sampling depth, and gravel content. It discusses the importance of proper sampling protocols and appropriate sampling density to ensure reliable measurements. The chapter also introduces the equivalent soil mass approach to account for variability in bulk density. Common challenges in SOC stock assessments are addressed, highlighting the need for precision in quantifying SOC stocks to support carbon farming initiatives.