Cancer is projected to be one of the primary causes of early mortality worldwide; almost ten million deaths in 2020 were caused by malignant tumours. Provided the current incidence trends persist for the predominant cancer categories, it is anticipated that the overall incidence of all malignancies will double by 2070 compared to 2020. A diverse range of chemotherapeutic agents has been extensively utilised as a standard approach in the clinical management of cancer. Nonetheless, contemporary cancer therapeutics result in resistance and significant adverse consequences. Consequently, it is essential to discover unconventional, potent anticancer therapies with minimal or negligible adverse effects that might serve as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of cancer. Natural compounds were notably emphasised as anticancer agents. Researchers have shown a great deal of interest in mushrooms that have anticancer properties. The primary goal of this review is to look at the anticancer attributes of various mushrooms and the molecular pathways that underlie them. There are several different varieties of edible and medical mushrooms, such as Coriolus versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Cordyceps Sinensis, Pleurotus ostreatus and Grifola frondosa, among others, that have been shown to exert numerous pharmaceutical effects, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, along neuroprotective effects. Mushrooms consist of bioactive compounds like polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, krestin, lectin, triterpenoids and several others that have demonstrated anticancer activities through multiple mechanisms. These bioactive compounds engage with numerous cellular signalling pathways that influence cancer onset and prognosis, in addition to their immune-modulatory activities. These results suggest that mushrooms have considerable potential in preventing and treating cancer.