Phytochemicals and their derivatives are of great attention in the treatment of cancer. The use of phytochemicals is recognized being a powerful complementary and alternative treatment for cancer, in consequence of its synergistic effects against the cancerous cells by focusing on various cell signaling pathways. In this regard, complementary therapeutic methods are required to achieve success in cancer treatment more effective than traditional approaches and to enhance the quality of life in cancer patients as much as possible. Therefore, more research is necessary to fully realize how these phytochemicals act as anticancer agents in the development of therapeutic cocktails of diverse bioactive agents, which can target various molecules to improve therapeutic outcomes. Consequently, this chapter mainly focuses on highlighting the specific cancer prevention potentials of MAPs and phytochemicals based on in vitro, in vivo, preclinical, and clinical studies performed with anticancer phytochemicals, identifying their molecular signatures, and thus demonstrating their role in cancer therapy. Moreover, this book chapter summarizes and discusses the current knowledge of phytochemicals, their molecular targets, and the signaling pathways implicated in carcinogenesis.