Therapeutic vaccinations are a practical alternative for cancer patients undergoing active immunotherapy, which aims to cure advanced diseases by stimulating the patient’s immune system. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently approved the first therapeutic cancer vaccine (Sipuleucel-T) as a result of the clinical studies’ encouraging outcomes. This remarkable development sets the path for the rational design and optimization of future vaccines with enhanced anticancer activity in addition to offering a new treatment option for cancer care. Over the last decade, there has been significant advancements in the fight against cancer, with numerous promising developments. There are now many vaccine regimens being tested in both preclinical and clinical settings. Optimizing target identification, simplifying the most appropriate vaccination techniques, developing adjuvants, and identifying predictive biomarkers are all areas that need more work in the future. This chapter discusses various platforms or types of therapeutic cancer vaccines.