Traditional immunohistochemistry (IHC) has long been considered the “gold standard” for tissue pathology diagnosis. However, the diagnostic and prognostic value of this technique is limited by a number of factors, the most important of which is that it only allows for the labeling of a single marker per tissue section. This limitation results in missed opportunities to obtain important prognostic and diagnostic information from patient samples. Recently, improvements in technologies such as multiplex immunohistochemistry and fluorescence-based in situ hybridization have enabled cell profiling at a spatial level, opening up new possibilities in research, diagnosis, and prognosis of different cancers.