There are many types of autonomous vehicles. They may be operating on land, underground, on water surface, underwater, in air, or in space. A self-driving car is an example of autonomous vehicles. Most modern vehicles have some automatic functions such as speed control. Many passenger cars have automatic parking function. An aircraft may have auto pilot. At the two extremes are the fully manual with no automatic feature and the fully autonomous requiring no human intervention in its operation. In between the two extremes are the increasingly autonomous vehicles. Certain basic automatic functions are not considered “automatic.” For example, a vehicle flashlight that flashes automatically instead of requiring a human to turn it on and off is considered “manual”; otherwise, there would be no “fully manual” vehicle in these modern days. Fully autonomous vehicles are not expected to have the intelligence of a human. For example, a fully autonomous passenger car is not required to have the ability to recognize a malfunctioning traffic light and negotiate its way crossing a congested malfunctioning traffic junction; otherwise, a fully autonomous passenger car will not be expected any time soon. To what degree of automation will a vehicle be considered an autonomous vehicle? Different individual, different institution, and different jurisdiction may have different perception and definition.

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Summary

  • Yong Ching Lim,
  • Paulo S. R. Diniz,
  • Yih-Fang Huang

摘要

There are many types of autonomous vehicles. They may be operating on land, underground, on water surface, underwater, in air, or in space. A self-driving car is an example of autonomous vehicles. Most modern vehicles have some automatic functions such as speed control. Many passenger cars have automatic parking function. An aircraft may have auto pilot. At the two extremes are the fully manual with no automatic feature and the fully autonomous requiring no human intervention in its operation. In between the two extremes are the increasingly autonomous vehicles. Certain basic automatic functions are not considered “automatic.” For example, a vehicle flashlight that flashes automatically instead of requiring a human to turn it on and off is considered “manual”; otherwise, there would be no “fully manual” vehicle in these modern days. Fully autonomous vehicles are not expected to have the intelligence of a human. For example, a fully autonomous passenger car is not required to have the ability to recognize a malfunctioning traffic light and negotiate its way crossing a congested malfunctioning traffic junction; otherwise, a fully autonomous passenger car will not be expected any time soon. To what degree of automation will a vehicle be considered an autonomous vehicle? Different individual, different institution, and different jurisdiction may have different perception and definition.