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Many international organizations, such as the EU and NATO, and national governments have launched strategic initiatives supporting the migration to quantum-safe cryptography. Examples of such initiatives are Spanish CCN (Cybersecurity Defence of Spanish Cyberspace) endorsing post-quantum cryptographic algorithms like FrodoKEM and CRYSTALS-Kyber, and the European Union promoting secure quantum infrastructure through programs like Quantum Flagship, OpenQKD, and EuroQCI. Moreover, the efforts supported by the European Defence Fund reinforce the strategic importance of early quantum-resilient adoption across civil and defense sectors, through projects such as the Disruptive SDN secure communications for European Defence (DISCRETION) or the Quantum Agile and Resilient Military Communications (Q-ARM). This paper focuses particularly on defense-related quantum communication technologies, assessing not only quantum key distribution but also advanced primitives like quantum oblivious transfer, quantum digital signatures, and quantum secure direct communication, among others. It highlights their respective vulnerabilities, criticality, and potential countermeasures. Hybrid solutions that combine classical and quantum-resistant encryption methods and cryptoagility are recommended to enhance resilience.

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Quantum Security Mechanisms for Defense Applications

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Joan Bas,
  • Marta I. García-Cid,
  • Francisco Sánchez,
  • Konrad Wrona,
  • Joanna Sliwa,
  • Federico Grasselli,
  • Kadir Durak,
  • Michal Krelina,
  • Armando Pinto,
  • Nuno Silva,
  • Marco Piani

摘要

Many international organizations, such as the EU and NATO, and national governments have launched strategic initiatives supporting the migration to quantum-safe cryptography. Examples of such initiatives are Spanish CCN (Cybersecurity Defence of Spanish Cyberspace) endorsing post-quantum cryptographic algorithms like FrodoKEM and CRYSTALS-Kyber, and the European Union promoting secure quantum infrastructure through programs like Quantum Flagship, OpenQKD, and EuroQCI. Moreover, the efforts supported by the European Defence Fund reinforce the strategic importance of early quantum-resilient adoption across civil and defense sectors, through projects such as the Disruptive SDN secure communications for European Defence (DISCRETION) or the Quantum Agile and Resilient Military Communications (Q-ARM). This paper focuses particularly on defense-related quantum communication technologies, assessing not only quantum key distribution but also advanced primitives like quantum oblivious transfer, quantum digital signatures, and quantum secure direct communication, among others. It highlights their respective vulnerabilities, criticality, and potential countermeasures. Hybrid solutions that combine classical and quantum-resistant encryption methods and cryptoagility are recommended to enhance resilience.