This chapter offers a comprehensive legal analysis of the evolution of UK legislation addressing Intimate Image Abuse (IIA), from its early reliance on outdated civil and criminal statutes to the creation of specific offences under the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 and subsequent reforms in the Domestic Abuse Act 2021 and Online Safety Act 2023. It critically examines how early laws failed to account for coercion, synthetic images, threats to share, and non-sexual but intimate imagery, limiting protection for victims. Drawing on landmark cases and historical precedents, the chapter contextualizes the emergence of IIA as a legal issue shaped by societal double standards, digital innovation, and victim advocacy. Central to the chapter is the pivotal role of the Revenge Porn Helpline (RPH), whose frontline data and casework directly influenced major policy changes and shaped the national response. By highlighting disparities across UK jurisdictions and ongoing gaps—such as inconsistent definitions, lack of anonymity, and inadequate law enforcement training—the chapter calls for a unified, victim-centred legal framework that foregrounds consent over perpetrator intent and integrates technological and cultural responses to digital sexual harm.

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Intimate Image Abuse Law and Policy in the UK

  • Sophie Mortimer,
  • Andy Phippen,
  • Emma Bond

摘要

This chapter offers a comprehensive legal analysis of the evolution of UK legislation addressing Intimate Image Abuse (IIA), from its early reliance on outdated civil and criminal statutes to the creation of specific offences under the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 and subsequent reforms in the Domestic Abuse Act 2021 and Online Safety Act 2023. It critically examines how early laws failed to account for coercion, synthetic images, threats to share, and non-sexual but intimate imagery, limiting protection for victims. Drawing on landmark cases and historical precedents, the chapter contextualizes the emergence of IIA as a legal issue shaped by societal double standards, digital innovation, and victim advocacy. Central to the chapter is the pivotal role of the Revenge Porn Helpline (RPH), whose frontline data and casework directly influenced major policy changes and shaped the national response. By highlighting disparities across UK jurisdictions and ongoing gaps—such as inconsistent definitions, lack of anonymity, and inadequate law enforcement training—the chapter calls for a unified, victim-centred legal framework that foregrounds consent over perpetrator intent and integrates technological and cultural responses to digital sexual harm.