This chapter considers how Aristotle understands the biological fact of (human) life and death philosophically. Aristotle has a complex definition of life which is both philosophical and biological. He explains the “lifecycle” of an organism as a “period” of its being and a “cycling” of the species. Aristotle extrapolates from the physical and psychical pathways of individual lives to the physical and psychical “evolution” of species. Aristotle’s theory of evolution is a sort of living optimisation and expression of biological being in its milieu. The contention pressed here is that Aristotle’s is a more realistic and observable theory of evolution than the neo-Darwinian alternative. We find, furthermore, that this picturing of meaning and of its structuring and refinement is found anew in semiotics and in biosemiotics. Neither assume that general meaning or biological meaning can be attributed to “chance and necessity” rather than being approached on its own terms as the expression of life itself.