Quantum computing is transforming the technological landscape with profound implications for security and cryptography. As quantum computers become more advanced they present a significant threat to the cryptographic algorithms that form the foundation of modern data protection systems including RSA, ECC, and AES. Quantum algorithms especially Shor’s and Grover’s have the potential to break these conventional systems efficiently highlighting the urgent need for the development of cryptographic methods that are secure against quantum attacks. This chapter examines the potential effects of quantum computing on current cryptographic protocols, the vulnerabilities it introduces and the emerging solutions provided by Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). It explores various quantum-resistant cryptographic approaches such as lattice-based, code-based, and hash-based cryptography while also discussing the ongoing standardization efforts led by organizations like NIST. As quantum computing continues to advance ensuring a seamless transition to quantum-safe security systems is essential to protect sensitive data in the future.