Modern cyber security systems face new security threats due to the advancements in quantum computing technologies. The development of modern encryption methods became useless due to quantum parallelism. Shor’s algorithm creates security weak points in RSA encryption which produce both dangerous consequences and beneficial opportunities for modern cryptographic systems. The first part of this chapter introduces basic encryption information before transitioning into NIST’s cybersecurity implementation guidelines discussion. The evaluation of security protocols to defend against quantum attacks results in the generation of Post-Quantum Cryptography schemes. This chapter investigates quantum security by studying its dual characteristics that include quantum vulnerabilities and distribution capabilities particularly through quantum key distribution (QKD). This study evaluates both modern and historical applications of quantum computing are as they relate to cybersecurity improvements. The global developments of current cybersecurity standards which support post-quantum security measures in current policies are discussed. The understanding of current advancements allows security experts and researchers together with policymakers to create better quantum-secure capabilities.