Atrial fibrillation and flutter are common arrhythmias involving the atria prevalent in those with increased age and heart disease. Early intervention addressing modifiable risk factors like hypertension, obesity, and sleep apnea can help reduce risk and arrhythmia burden. Anticoagulation is a cornerstone treatment in patients with these arrhythmias due to increased risk of stroke, which can be assessed using the CHA2DS2-VASc clinical scoring system to guide anticoagulant therapy. Lifestyle modifications like diet, exercise, and medications are first-line measures before considering more invasive procedures like ablation. Pulmonary vein isolation and cavotricuspid isthmus ablation are the primary ablation techniques used to treat these arrhythmias, respectively. Other surgical options, like the maze procedure, can also be considered, particularly in those undergoing cardiac surgeries.