Valvular heart disease is relatively common in the United States, and prevalence increases with age. As mentioned in previous chapters, some of the most common valvular heart diseases include aortic stenosis and mitral valve disease, and these often require surgical or catheter-based intervention. In patients with aortic stenosis, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as the preferred, minimally invasive treatment option. For mitral valve issues, repair is preferred over replacement, using techniques to tighten leaky valves (annuloplasty) or open narrow ones (valvuloplasty). Tricuspid and pulmonic valve disease are rare but can also be treated by repairing or replacing the valves. Mechanical or bioprosthetic valve implants are used in these procedures. These procedures carry unique benefits and risks and are important ways of treating advanced valvular disease.