This study presents a comparative analysis of transport operations and environmentally sustainable practices in the Rhine-Alpine Corridor (RAC) and the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC). Using a mixed-method approach, the research evaluates emission reduction strategies, renewable energy integration, and climate resilience measures across these corridors, revealing distinct approaches shaped by their developmental contexts. The findings demonstrate the RAC’s successful implementation of multimodal integration and green technologies, achieving a 25% reduction in CO2 emissions through systematic electrification and modal shift strategies. The DMIC showcases innovative approaches to environmental sustainability through comprehensive planning, targeting a 40% reduction in carbon emissions via renewable energy integration and smart city development. Key recommendations include prioritising rail transport electrification, implementing corridor-wide environmental monitoring systems, and establishing robust climate adaptation frameworks. This study emphasises the importance of context-specific environmental strategies while highlighting opportunities for knowledge transfer between developed and developing transport systems. The present research contributes valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners in sustainable transport infrastructure development, particularly in addressing climate change challenges while maintaining operational efficiency.