Transposition
摘要
This chapter compares ultrasonic (echocardiographic) cuts with those made on heart specimens to define the morphology. This information is complemented with moving echocardiographic images and raw pathological comparisons from our archives. We compare standard real-time echocardiographic (ultrasonic) tomograms with those made on heart specimens to understand the character of the defects occurring in transposition and their relationship to surrounding structures. We show how to examine the heart, where to place the ultrasound transducer, and through which orientation the transducer should pass to expose the appropriate images echocardiographically. Each morphological and echocardiographic image is augmented by a diagram showing the position and location of the transducer on the chest and the passage and direction of the ultrasound beam needed to obtain these cardiac images.