From Participation to Spectatorship: Democratic Deconsolidation in the Philippines
摘要
This chapter argues that the Philippines, the oldest democracy in East Asia, is facing a protracted period of democratic deconsolidation due to its citizens’ attitudes on democracy and their democratic participation remaining a work in progress. Relying on data from six rounds of the Asia Barometer Survey and the World Values Survey, the chapter shows that Filipinos are mostly political spectators rather than active participants. While they consume political news, they do not necessarily channel what they learn into active political engagement beyond voting in elections. Filipinos political disempowerment and their participation in traditional personal networks help explain the contradiction between high levels of electoral participation and mass detachment from politics outside elections. Further, the Philippines’ experience fits into a global trend of slow erosion of democratic governance and as such it helps broaden the existing scholarship on democratic deconsolidation.