The world has experienced a rise in global conflicts, successive spikes in international food prices, and an increase in global hunger since 2015. These trends have energized debates on how to break the links between conflict and food insecurity. Conflict is a known driver of food insecurity while food insecurity increases the risk of conflict. For developing countries, this vicious cycle of food-related instability not only hinders development but also threatens national security. Using the Philippines as a case study, this chapter examines root causes of food insecurity and conflict to understand risks and opportunities to break the cycle. There is an urgent need for improved governance of agri-food systems. Poor policy implementation perpetuates food-related instability and leaves rural agricultural households and the urban poor most vulnerable. Improving food security through governance measures designed to prioritize robust agri-food systems has the power to alleviate tensions and enhance peace outcomes.