The spread of disinformation and its potential negative impact on society and individuals are complex, multifaceted problems to tackle, which in turn require complex, multifaceted solutions that address how information is produced, distributed and received. Focused on how disinformation is received, efforts to improve media literacy levels of the public play an increasingly important role in the policy response to disinformation in many countries and regions around the world. This chapter discusses how media literacy can play a role in responding to disinformation, what is being done by policy makers in the European Union and a selection of national markets, the range of challenges faced, and what should be done next to ensure that media literacy education can be as effective a response as possible.