This introductory chapter sets out the primary task of the book, namely, to (re)investigate the history of Chinese Christianity from the perspective of the Holy Spirit. Dubbed Pentecost historiography, this methodology takes its inspiration from the renewal/renewalist historiography initially proposed by Stanley Burgess and then developed by Amos Yong and Dale Coulter. By studying the history of Chinese Christianity, the history of Chinese Christian thought, and Chinese Christian historical theology, the chapter aims to rectify the prevalent misconception in Chinese scholarship that Ling’en yundong 靈恩運動 (Spiritual Gifts Movements) are entirely foreign to and inconsistent with Chinese Christianity and culture. Instead, the rich spirit world that has been occupying the Chinese culture since its inception has been an active ‘dancing floor’ to the Holy Spirit, leaving her traces in various forms, be they written, inscribed, emotional, experiential, and lived. After presenting the significance of the book, a brief history of research, and defining a few key terms, the chapter spends its major part on crafting the Pentecost historiography by identifying its source, contour, task, and goal.