To provide a cutting-edge investigation, this extensive chapter explores the field of conducting polymers for the adsorption of dyes and heavy metals, aiming to educate the larger materials community. These conducting polymers, well-known for their versatility, have attracted much attention because of their adaptability to various applications, such as environmental remediation. This chapter presents a thorough overview encompassing the conducting polymers, types of conducting polymers, and properties and applications. Introducing new and advanced water treatment technologies ensures the suitability of water for drinking purposes and, simultaneously, eliminates pollutants. As a result, this chapter also aims to give thorough information regarding pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, and other pollutants, as well as how to remove heavy metals and dyes from wastewater using adsorption techniques. The procedure is thought to be the most effective way to remove dyes and heavy metals, influencing adsorption. Conducting polymers’ superior qualities have enabled them to be employed in environmental remediation applications. This chapter offers essential insights for continuing improvements and research in this dynamic subject. It also focuses on present issues, recommendations, and future opportunities.