Conducting polymers are defined as a class of electrically conductive organic materials. Conducting polymer nanocomposites are the general term for the nanomaterials doped conducting polymers. These nanocomposites have served as significant substitutes for standard drug delivery in treating bacterial infections caused by harmful microorganisms. Primary causes for the rise of mortality and morbidity in the world is bacterial infection. In addition, the illness burden has increased due to the advent of multi-drug resistance in toxic microorganism. Considering advancements in antimicrobial therapy, developing novel antibiotics has not achieved significant results. Many nanocomposites based on sulfur and nitrogen-containing conducting polymers have recently been studied as antibacterial platforms against toxic microorganisms. The most frequently used metals in nanoparticles include copper, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, gold, silver, and palladium. Still, there is much to learn about the precise mechanism behind their antibacterial activity. Some research findings clearly show that polymer-based nanocomposites are acceptable matter, generating excellent choices for developing drugs to treat infectious diseases. The antibacterial activity of conducting polymer nanocomposites has also been used to investigate antibacterial activity. Not much research has been done on the application of polymer-based nanocomposites against bacterial infections. In this chapter, we will impart an outline of the latest exploration on the application of polymer-based nanocomposites to treat toxic microorganisms. Moreover, we will also urge an upcoming approach to overcome current constraints, and researchers exploring antimicrobials and nanomedicines will find this chapter useful.