Conducting polymers have been the subject of extensive research because of their tunable mechanical, optical, and electrical properties, their facile synthesis and fabrication, and their enhanced environmental stabiliity relative to conventional inorganic materials. In their pure state, conducting polymers have many drawbacks, but they are solved via hybridization with other materials. The electrical industry makes extensive use of conducting polymer composites, optoelectronic and electronic, domains because of their mutually beneficial impacts. The objective of this chapter is to present transport models that elucidate conduction mechanism along with pertinent synthesis techniques, characterization approaches, and the physical properties of conducting polymers, including their optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Additionally described are latest developments in their application in energy storage, anticorrosion coatings, and photocatalysis, and sensing applications. The performance of the composites is significantly influenced by their structural characteristics.