Agricultural drought has become a significant concern for Assam’s Tinsukia district, where climate variability and extreme weather events increasingly threaten crop productivity and rural livelihoods. Traditional drought assessments often lack spatial and temporal precision, which remote sensing indices can address, providing timely and region-specific drought insights. This study employs the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) to evaluate drought conditions from Landsat imagery for the years 2000, 2010, and 2022. The VCI indicated fluctuating vegetation health, with extreme drought conditions covering 41% of the district in 2000, decreasing to 20.6% by 2010, but sharply rising to 47.2% by 2022. The TCI highlighted a drastic increase in extreme temperature-induced drought stress in 2022, with nearly the entire district under extreme drought conditions compared to less than 1% in previous years. The VHI further confirmed an intensified drought impact, with the extreme drought area increasing from 0.5% in 2000 to 48.9% by 2022. These results suggest a marked escalation in drought severity, especially due to rising temperatures, possibly influenced by regional climate changes. This study demonstrates the value of VCI, TCI, and VHI as effective tools for monitoring agricultural drought in climate-sensitive regions, aligning with established drought research methodologies.