Zero hunger has become a top priority across the nations, and global leaders have presented the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which centered on socio-economic and environmental development. Particularly, this study focuses on “SDG 2: Zero Hunger” and tries to show the importance of the food system in dealing with those challenges. Under the food system, the circular economy (CE) has received considerable attention from policymakers and OECD nations to transition from a linear to a circular economy. Under the shadow of CE—food system nexus, the present study ponders digitalization (internet use and mobile subscription), green energy, financial development, farm machinery, and agricultural labor force as determinants of food supply for OECD nations covering the period of 2005–2023. The Quantile Generalized Method of Moments is applied to explore the study objectives. The enquiry results show that digitalization, green energy, circular economy, and farm machinery increase the food supply. On the other hand, financial development and the agricultural labor force cause a decline in food supply. This study offers ecological implications to strengthen the specified factors’ response to food supply.