The results of the second free parliamentary elections held in Poland in 1993 led to an outcry by representatives of the Catholic Church and right-wing politicians. The reason was a landslide victory of a left-wing political alliance, incorporating, among others, the successors of the Communist Party Polish United Workers’ Party (PUWP) that had ruled Poland until 1989. The outcome of the election was seen as a consequence of the attempts of the Catholic Church and right-wing politicians to 're-evangelize' Poland after the end of Communism. This conflict was especially visible in the field of reproductive rights and showed a discrepancy between the belief held by Catholic elites of Poland as a “Catholic nation”—in 1994, 86 percent of Poles declared themselves to be religious, and 50 percent went to Mass every Sunday—and the actual (political) decisions and behaviour of “average Poles.” At first sight, these differences seem to come out of nowhere, since the Catholic Church was one of the most important political actors in Poland, including in public and everyday life, especially during the Communist dictatorship. However, as I will show in this chapter, this emerging conflict was the result between a changing society and a conservative view on Polish society.