Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr) is a new promising crop as a source of sugar and biofuel worldwide. Arenga pinnata is a multipurpose palm with high economic value; it is a good candidate for crop integration or agroforestry because almost all plant parts (stem, leaf, fruit, palm blossom, fiber, root) are useful for human life. The species is well distributed throughout Southeast Asia. They are either partly domesticated or grow wild in the jungle. Generally, the production is at a small scale and run by rural farmers for income generation. Exploitation of the usefulness of Arenga pinnata has been an essential income-generating venture among rural households in many Southeast Asian countries. Although considered a minor forest species, the Arenga pinnata tree provides some importantImportant products that have great export potential and are of economic importance to Malaysia. This palm tree is a multipurpose species, where its sap, black fibers, trunk, leavesLeaves and many others can be used to produce various types of food and beverages, timber commodities, fibers, biopolymers and biocomposites. It is currently used as a source of renewable energy or bio-fuel, in the form of bio-ethanol, which is produced through the fermentation of the sugar palm sap. This chapter will focus on the botanical distribution and description of sugar palm as the multipurpose usage of the plant can be widely used in human living. Despite the challenges of sugar palm breeding conservationConservation, plant biotechnology techniques have been used in regenerating the sugar palm tree and producing the synthetic seed. The plant tissue culture method was widely used and can solve the problems and challenges of sugar palm breeding.