Wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum L.) is a perennial wild grass, which is a member of the Saccharum genus, well known to possess properties like high fiber content, low sucrose levels, slender stalks, excellent regrowth capabilities, rhizomatous tillering and adaptability to various environmental stresses. Most often used as donor clones for the development of modern sugarcane cultivars. It originated in India and is distributed across a range of geographical zones. The present chapter describes the role of this grass as an alternative to synthetic fiber. Despite its well-known use as a donor parent, studies at the genomic level are limited. The present chapter aims to provide a clear picture of various aspects including origin, habitat, and genetics. Further, the chapter sheds light on the various modern and conventional crop improvement strategies for disease, pest tolerance, herbicide and abiotic stress resistance. Plant tissue culture and other propagation approaches are also discussed. This chapter also includes its various secondary uses like cellulase production and bioremediation.