Nowadays, food security is a serious problem that concerns scientists and food experts. Numerous factors threaten global food security, such as world population growth, climate change, and water deficit. Being tolerant to drought with incomparable nutritive values, prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus indica L. Mill) is a choice crop. This bio-energy crop is essential to balancing the biodiversity in arid environments and fighting against soil degradation and reclaiming depleted soils. Prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) is receiving increased attention from researchers. Unfortunately, the global success of the species is a double-edged weapon. Today, the prickly pear faces serious dangers that enhance its presence and diversity. This implies a series of challenges and prospects. In this chapter, we present a state-of-the-art in Opuntia ficus indica distribution, conservation, utilization and improvement.